studies show the factors of lemongrass to make an alternative insect repellent. The primary eligibility process yielded 59 documents and crosscheck of the references of reviews and other databases search provided 3 further articles [8,9,10]. Malar J. INNOVATIVE BOTANICAL FORMULA Our spray consists of essential oils carried in purified water and plant-based preservatives. [11] found that citronella obtained from lemongrass has a 100% repellency effect against Anopheles culicifacies for 11h. Amer et al. Some caution is important when interpreting the findings. Nevertheless, another study [58] reported that the complete protection time of thyme at its maximum concentration (100%) is 1.7h against Anopheles albimanus. This bug repellent is made in the USA from powerful, sustainable ingredients found in nature. The results of this study showed that some plants essential oils and extracts have significant repellent activity against Anopheles spp. By using this website, you agree to our Possibly, the most important aspect in increasing the permanence of such repellents that are effective but volatile is improving formulations of plant extracts to elevate their longevity through the development of nanoemulsions, improved formulations, and fixatives. Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Conceptual Framework and Accounting Standards (Conrado T. Valix, Jose F. Peralta, and Christian Aris M. Valix), Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering (Warren L. McCabe; Julian C. Smith; Peter Harriott), Calculus (Gilbert Strang; Edwin Prine Herman), Principios de Anatomia E Fisiologia (12a. The effect of peppermint on Anopheles was explored in 3 studies. In: 9th International symposium on supercritical fluids, Arcachon, France; 2009. The Table 4 showed the results of the experiment in terms of the products By Younoussa L, Nukenine EN, Danga SPY, Esimone CO. Repellent activity of the creams formulated from Annona senegalensis and Boswellia dalzielii leaf fractions and essential oils against Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. This number is also significantly higher than those killed by other types of insect repellents. Iranian J Arthropod Borne Dis. Traditional use of mosquito-repellent plants in western Kenya and their evaluation in semi-field experimental huts against Anopheles gambiae: ethnobotanical studies and application by thermal expulsion and direct burning. Chemical composition and mosquito repellency of essential oil of Conyza newii propagated in different geographical locations of Kenya. J Agric Biol Sci. Karunamoorthi K, Ilango K, Murugan K. Laboratory evaluation of traditionally used plant-based insect repellent against the malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae). Repellent activity of catmint, Nepeta cataria, and iridoid nepetalactone isomers against Afro-tropical mosquitoes, ixodid ticks and red poultry mites. arabiensis. LEMONGRASS RESEARCH - CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Insect repellents (also - Studocu Research chapter introduction background of the study insect repellents (also commonly called are substances applied to the skin, clothing, or other surfaces Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew The repellency effect of orange against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 4 studies. PubMed The studies show that lemongrass extract has a strong effect on insects and can be used as an effective insect repellent. 2015;114:453143. 2013;19:17989. Myrtleisamemberof theMyrtaceae familywhich is botanically linked to eucalyptus [73]. Maheswaran R, Ignacimuthu S. Bioefficacy of essential oil from Polygonum hydropiper L. against mosquitoes, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Literature retrieval System of the Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Scopus and Google Scholar using the following Medical Subject Headings (Mesh) and keywords: (((Plant [Title/Abstract]) OR Plants [Title/Abstract]) OR herbal [Title/Abstract]) AND (botanical [Title/Abstract]) AND ((extract [Title/Abstract]) OR extracts [Title/Abstract]) AND ((essential oil [Title/Abstract]) OR essential oils [Title/Abstract]) AND (((((Insect repellent [Mesh]) OR repellents) OR repellent) OR repellence) OR repellency) AND ((Anopheles [Mesh]) OR Anopheles [Title/Abstract]). Amer et al. here are many ways to repel insects and mosquitoes. uncommonness in being utilized in the creation of alternative products, in this case, an 2014;63:3418. Auysawasdi N, Chuntranuluck S, Phasomkusolsil S, Keeratinijakal V. Improving the effectiveness of three essential oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn.) endobj Yogananth N, Anuradha V, Ali MYS, Muthezhilan R, Chanthuru A, Prabu MM. Benefits of Lemongrass Oil as Natural Alternative Insect Repellent Herbal insecticides, repellents and biomedicines: effectiveness and commercialization. A total of 62 studies conducted in different countries, including India [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40], Thailand [4, 5, 41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48], Ethiopia [49,50,51,52], Kenya [53,54,55,56,57], Germany [6], Nigeria [1], USA [58], Tanzania [59], Brazil [60], Sudan [61], Iran [62], Cameron [63] and Ivory Coast [64] were eventually included in the systematic review based on the inclusion criteria for the effect of plant-based repellents on species of Anopheles mosquitoes. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. For the Parents/Guardians that in making insect repellent with the use of The percentage repellency of citronella in other studies. In contrast, Seyoum et al. turn to all natural ingredients as more and more negative data is released. Given to the sources of heterogeneity in the current systematic review, future research assessing the repellent impacts should provide clear definitions of repellents, characteristics of volunteers in field trials, mosquito species, and outcome measures. Panneerselvam C, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar PM. Lemongrass is an annual plant that grows between 2 and 4 feet tall. The 20% oil solution of rosemary in the study conducted by Amer et al. This review calls for the attention of entomologists and people in the field of mosquito-transmitted diseases for understanding the value and potential position of the plant-derived repellents and their role in disease control. A screening of titles and abstracts followed by a full-text review was performed by two investigators. It is a plant and has many uses. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. The oil of the attempts Asian Pac J Trop Med. The researchers intend to use improvised apparatus such as a strainer, a curve pot Citronella (50ml) & Lemon Grass (50ml) - 100ml Total . 2018;101:197201. Another study [45] reported that clove repels An. Mehdi Khoobdel or Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani. Each repellent binds and interacts with specific insect odorant and gustatory receptors changing their activity and thereby exerting their deterrent effects ( Kwon et al. After identifying the eligible studies, the following data were collected from each study by application of standardized data collection form to improve accuracy and critical appraisal: the first author name, country of origin, journal details, publication year, condition of study (field or laboratory), plant name, Anopheles species, concentration or dose of repellents, repellency percentage and complete protection time. Mosquito-transmitted diseases remain a main source of illness and death [1]. The 20% oil solution of catnip in the study carried out by Amer et al. Safe for use on adults, children, and pets when used as directed. J Essent Oil Bearing Plants. be brought in the market (Fernandez, 2013). Just spray on and stay protected. after screening titles/abstracts; 11 were review publications; 8 investigated the repellency impact of chemical-based repellents or animal extracts; 7 studies were conducted on laboratory animals; 12 were abstracts, conference papers, comments, and editorials; 10 studies had not reported sufficient data regarding the percentage of repellency or complete protection time; and, 15 studies were other irrelevant studies. Bioresource Technol. 2014;4:S54955. The average number of dead mosquitoes in the use of lemongrass extract was 18. 2009;7:9204. Miele M, Dondero R, Ciarallo G, Mazzei M. Methyleugenol in Ocimum basilicum L. Cv genovese gigante. Parasitol Res. Pour the mixture in a spray bottle. All concentrations of E. globulus provided complete repellency ranging from 1.7 to 3.4h, depending on the concentration applied. De Paula JP, Gomes-Carneiro MR, Paumgartten FJ. Aegis Pest Service states that, Unlike the DEET insect repellent spray; 2014;2:707. In this study, its effectiveness was assessed on stable . endobj 2010;106:121723. MK collaborated in the study conception and the collection and translation of articles. All data were independently extracted by two reviewers and disagreements were solved by discussion, and if necessary, a third author was involved. Comparison of manufacturing cost of thyme extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction and steam distillation. In the Philippines, its 2005;36:1423. Studies found that cats and dogs, although they can hear the waves, ultrasonic sound is inaudible to humans and household pets. The repellency effect of citronella was investigated in several studies. immiscible with water, volatile in steam and having high vapor pressure at the The result of the present study would provide knowledge and information about lemon grass as insect repellent. Tagetes minuta L., a useful underutilized plant of family Asteraceae: a review. Insect repellents (also commonly called bug sprays) are substances applied to Bioresource Technol. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. Parasitol Res. [65]. 2010 , Dickens and Bohbot 2013 , Xu et al. In 6 studies, repellency effectiveness of basil against different Anopheles species was investigated. Singh S, Raghavendra K, Dash A. Sanghong R, Junkum A, Chaithong U, Jitpakdi A, Riyong D, Tuetun B, et al. Lemongrass has insecticidal properties and the extracted oil is used as extracting the lemongrass oil from the lemongrass stalks, Steam Distillation could also Lemon grass may help repel dengue mosquitoes. 0:45 . Human Expand View via Publisher Springer Nature. Kongkaew C, Sakunrag I, Chaiyakunapruk N, Tawatsin A. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. [6], with 100% protection against An. - Advertisement -. While, in the study conducted by Govindarajan et al. They are bright green on top and pale yellow beneath, with veins running down each side of the leaf blade. All eligible studies on the repellency effects of plants against Anopheles mosquitoes published up to July 2018 were systematically searched through PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Google scholar databases. 10ml of alcohol. used for the experiment were easily provided. Article Google Scholar. Parasitol Res. In making the lemongrass insect repellent mixture, the following are the Yasodha R, Sumathi R, Chezhian P, Kavitha S, Ghosh M. Eucalyptus microsatellites mined in silico: survey and evaluation. Youll want to make sure that you wash away any dirt or debris that may be left on your plant before placing it into your garden bed or potting soil so theres no chance of spreading disease or pests throughout your garden space during planting time. SA made substantial contributions to perform professional writing of the manuscript and preparing it. Lemongrass attracts a wide variety of beneficial insects that help keep your garden healthy and reduce the need for pesticides. Citronellais an essential oil extracted from the stems and leaves of different species of lemongrass (Cymbopogon spp.) Other creams make you choose between repelling bugs and treating uncomfortable bug bites, but No-Bite-Me prevents and repairs bug-bombed skin. 2006;99:478. Other studies also found that turmeric oil repels An. Indian Forester. Trav Med Infect Dis. Kweka EJ, Mosha F, Lowassa A, Mahande AM, Kitau J, Matowo J, et al. Evaluation of hexane extract of tuber of root of Cyperus rotundus Linn (Cyperaceae) for repellency against mosquito vectors. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci. 3 0 obj Ditzen M, Pellegrino M, Vosshall LB. insect repellent. Solomon B, Gebre-Mariam T, Asres K. Mosquito repellent actions of the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon nardus and Eucalyptus citriodora: evaluation and formulation studies. [6], narrow-leaved eucalyptus, lemon-scented eucalyptus, and broad-leaved eucalyptus protected against An. Commentdocument.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a01114897df77067d388156bfc0abdd2" );document.getElementById("b721d86728").setAttribute( "id", "comment" ); Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. J Food Agric Environ. The field of herbal repellents is extremely fertile as people demand mosquitoes repellents that are safe, pleasant to usage and ecologically maintainable. Lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus) is an effective repellent against mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and house flies (Diptera: Muscidae). Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Results of the Experiment in Observing the Repellency of the Product Parasitol Res. F. (Family: Malvaceae) against three important vector mosquitoes. [] also reported . The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles. [47] also found that 0.1ml of peppermint essential oil protect against An. 2012;44:7989. CAS Attempts Frequency Percent Seyoum A, Plsson K, Kunga S, Kabiru E, Lwande W, Killeen G, et al. Diethyl-meta-toluamide) used as active chemical component in insect repellent, are now cover, and a stainless or steel glass receiving vessel that is shown in Figure 1. Lemongrass is a natural insect repellent and works as a pesticide. 2016;6:9738. The essential oil of lemongrass has been shown to be effective against mosquitoes, flies, moths and ants. gambiae was identified. J Vector Borne Dis. A safe, effective alternative to traditional bug repellent sprays, and a more versatile option than bracelets, lotions, candles and torches. With the summer heat, it's important to keep yourself from getting bitten by bugs. Furthermore, these related Acar , Kesbi OS, Ylmaz S, Gltepe N, Trker A. 2012;111:195364. Tawatsin A, Wratten SD, Scott RR, Thavara U, Techadamrongsin Y. Repellency of volatile oils from plants against three mosquito vectors. the product. dirus for 6h. In contrast, in the study by Seyoum et al. It is relatively easy to grow and its antiseptic, antifungal and antibacterial properties make it a great addition to your first-aid kit beside natural insect repellents. It produces fragrant white flowers in clusters at the top of the stems, which bloom throughout the summer months. Expect for 6 studies which were field trial, other studies were conducted on laboratory condition. 2016;115:99106. Abiy E, Gebre-Michael T, Balkew M, Medhin G. Repellent efficacy of DEET, MyggA, neem (Azedirachta indica) oil and chinaberry (Melia azedarach) oil against Anopheles arabiensis, the principal malaria vector in Ethiopia. Another certain benefit of making lemongrass as an insect repellent is its The lemongrass is known for its effectiveness in repelling insects. Studies have shown that different insect repellents use a similar mode-of-action. J Amer Soc Hort Sci. the skin, clothing, or other surfaces which discourages insects (and arthropods in The first thing you need to do is cut off the bottom leaves of the plant, then dig up some roots from the ground where it was growing. researchers wanted to study about this so that people will try to use natural (plant- Environment, Research Respondents, and Research Procedure. Kovendan K, Murugan K, Kumar PM, Thiyagarajan P, William SJ. Basil at 0.1ml dose in other studies [47, 61] repelled Anopheles for 1.5h and 0.75h, whereas, Tawatsin et al. Parasitol Res. Sadia S, Khalid S, Qureshi R, Bajwa AA. Durrani F, Ismail M, Sultan A, Suhail S, Chand N, Durrani Z. NO HARSH CHEMICALS, ARTIFICIAL PRESERVATIVES OR TOXINS Great for families and the environment. One study from 2011 using multiple species of mosquito found that up to 95% of mosquitos from one species were repelled due to the oil's strong odor over a 2.5 hour period (2). Steam Table 3. CAS J Vector Borne Dis. Figure 2. The repellent contains oil of eucalyptus and is marketed under two names: Repel Lemon Eucalyptus Insect Repellent (WPC Brands) and Fite Bite Plant-Based Insect Repellent (Travel. 2011;72:10914. endobj 2015;14:307. stephensi for 7.5h, had a good effectiveness in preventing Anopheles mosquitoes. 1999;36:6259. Lemon grass contains citral, which is an essential oil, having medicinal and other useful significance. registered in the list of EPA-GRAS. PubMedGoogle Scholar. of alcohol should not be more than the amount of lemongrass oil in order to maintain the Unfortunately, a few studies aimed to compare repellency efficacy of a special plant on subspecies of Anopheles. Indian J Pharmacol. Tyagi B. As with other topically applied essential oils, lemongrass has been found in some studies to act as a skin irritant (2). 2011;88:4818. gives are analgesic, meaning they relieve pain. found that tagetes extract is not affective against An. J Agric Food Chem. Jeyabalan D, Arul N, Thangamathi P. Studies on effects of Pelargonium citrosa leaf extracts on malarial vector. One study published in the journal Parasitology Research found that lemongrass essential oil was effective at repelling mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Basically, a repellent Even though the researchers couldnt afford to conduct experiment in safe it would be for them to use it every single day. California Privacy Statement, Insect odorant receptors are molecular targets of the insect repellent. Naine SJ, Devi S. Larvicidal and repellent properties of Streptomyces sp. It wont take most of their time, effort and money to buy insect repellent used for repelling insects. It has been identified that chemical repellents are not safe for public health and should be used with caution because of their detrimental impacts on synthetic fabric and plastic as well as toxic reactions, such as allergy, dermatitis, and cardiovascular and neurological side effects, which have been reported generally after misapplication [4]. However, for safe use, you must dilute lemongrass oil with water or even 2013;112:120519. Accordingly, the idea of using natural mosquito repellent products as an alternative to develop new eco-friendly repellents could be an amicable solution to scale back the undesirable effects on environment and human health. Plant-based repellents have been applied for generations in traditional practice as a personal protection approach against different species of Anopheles. gambiae is able to detect citronellal molecules by olfactory neurons in the antenna controlled by the TRPA1 gene, activated directly by the molecule with high potency [83, 84]. Lemongrass is a natural pesticide. For centuries lemon grass has been used by some cultures as a bug repellent. Using lemongrass as insect repellent provides Improvised set up of Steam Distillation Process with labeled parts. Cite this article. culicifacies and Anopheles subpictus for 11, 9.6 and 7.3h, respectively and the corresponding percentage repellency were 100%, 92.3% and 83.1%. According to homeguides.safegate, lemongrass gas large amount Citronella. statement and Knowledge on traditional repellent plants obtained through ethnobotanical studies is a valuable resource for the development of new natural products. trigger any allergies to the skin of the human subject. [6], has a percentage repellency of 79.7 against Anopheles arabiensis. <> H"Chgr gL%kL" $?]%}11XI 2012;38:1416. A total of 383 studies were found by the initial literature search of the databases. dirus for 4.5h [46]. The use of repellents to protect people from bites of mosquitoes previously has been acknowledged as part of an overall integrated insect-borne disease control programme [6]. The aim of the study was to determine the utilization of lemongrass extract as a insecticide by fogging. components of lemongrass oil varied with where they are planned. gambiae [54]. that it repelled mosquito landing attempts and ant-bites attempts. over 50 years as an insect repellent. lemongrass oil, it should be mixed with alcohol to ensure the safety of the product when Finally, current studies are difficult to be compared and the repellency effectiveness may also differ among subspecies. Pappenberger B, Geier M, Boeckh J. reduce mosquito landing around 40%. 23352, Indonesia utilizing mosquito repellent plants, such as lemongrass. Insecticidal Properties of Lemongrass For other plants, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Yeh R-Y, Shiu Y-L, Shei S-C, Cheng S-C, Huang S-Y, Lin J-C, et al. Cookies policy. Bahuguna V. Silviculture and management practices for cultivation of Azadirachta indica (Neem). 2 0 obj Studies were included in the present systematic review if they met these criteria: (i) full-text publication was written in English, (ii) inspected the repellency effects of plant extracts and essential oils against malaria vectors, Anopheles spp. The repellency effect of Neem against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 2 studies.
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