With his other work, we can see what Holden can become or what Salinger has already experienced in the character of Sargent X in "For Esme- With Love and Squalor". But Holden's interaction with Mr. Antolini is the event that precipitates his full-blown breakdown. In some places, the repetitions become even language errors, revealing Holdens natural, informal style: and how my parents were occupied and all before they had me, and all that David Copperfield kind of crap. A room. The interjection that was used by the author is Ohwell (J. D. Salinger:7)The interjection used by the author Oh it is possible to express various feelings such as regret, despair, disappointment sorrow, surprise and many others but especially this the author point out to the reader Old Spenser hesitation for giving a clear and interesting answer to Holdens question. After he finishes the composition for Stradlater, he stares out the window and listens to Ackley snore in the next room. Each language can form uncountable number new word combinations that will be understood by its bearers. He wrote this terrific book of short stories, The Secret Goldfish, in case you never heard of him. I was wondering where the ducks went when the lagoon got all icy and frozen over. An idiom or fixed expression may have a similar counterpart in the target language, but its context of use may be different; the two expressions may have different connotations, for instance, or they may not be pragmatically transferable. Other types are derivations from one of the other meanings that lead to a verb or activity. Sometimes it is hard to do all the work on your own. It gets great importance while making translation to add or omit some words since the structures of languages are quite different. It occurs in Chapter 22, after Holden has slipped quietly back into his apartment and is speaking with Phoebe. The psychological battles of the novel's main character, Holden Caulfield, serve as the basis for critical argument. Focused on some of Holdens linguistic repetitions and their importance, as well as on Salingers humor and comic effects and their renditions in the two versions. The semantic structure of a word predefines the possibility of its contextual use, and the translation of contextual meaning presents a hard task to translators. Modernist writers were more acutely conscious of the objectivity of their surroundings. In this chapter it would be tried to focus on drawing a link between some general translation theories and the analysis of Romanian versions of Salingers novel, considering the general overview in this chapter a link or a starting point for the case study in the last chapter. It was discussed the reasons which led to the negative reactions around The Catcher in the Rye and its repeated banning and removal from schools and high schools reading lists since its first publication until nowadays, and also some similar cases in American literature. A text has some features which make the texture of a text. It's ironic because Stradlater is a good student, and Holden is being kicked out of school for failing. Home from his date, Stradlater barges into the room. Through his work in The Catcher in the Rye, we can see Salinger's battle fatigue or post-traumatic stress disorder in his character, Holden Caulfield. In order to achieve the main goal and to study these important features of this theme the following specific objectives must be considered. Nevertheless the translators have tried to compensate this loss through distinctive methods. From these two parts in different languages could be resulted that were used different types of translation difficulties in order to give the smallest basic elements that couldnt be seen without analyzing these two parts and taking into account the main element that mast be discussed translation difficulties. Holden is scared of growing up, and also scared of the unknown. This is an important distinction because we need to be able to understand and explain terrible events and behavior in attempting to discourage it. He is best known for his book, Catcher in the Rye, a book about a seventeen-year-old teenager, struggling through his teenager years, falling into a depression and trying to understand the real world. March 3, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 Its impossible. The main task of a translator is to remember and take into account all the difficulties of translation and render the authors thought as accurate as possible using different literal devices employed originally by the author. Such idioms lend themselves easily to manipulation by speakers and writers who will sometimes play on both their literal and idiomatic meanings. Another epithet that was used by the author in his novel is hardly ever listened (J. D. Salinger: 6) This is a reserved epithet because it is composed of two words linked by a preposition and it was chosen in order to point out to the reader that speech of old Spenser was not a clear one and not understandable one for the listener. During a period was established that Salinger's writing has influenced several prominent writers, prompting Harold Brodkey (himself an O. Henry Award-winning author) to state in 1991: "His is the most influential body of work in English prose by anyone since Hemingway." Lexical peculiarities are the most important features of lexico-stylistic analyses and these features are very important for the reader in order easily to understand the whole content of the work. Holden breaks down in tears, and his sister tries to console him. This is the cause of much difficulty inthinking criticallyaboutclaims. Course Hero uses AI to attempt to automatically extract content from documents to surface to you and others so you can study better, e.g., in search results, to enrich docs, and more. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. (Salinger 201). The Ducks vanish every winter, but they return every spring. Short Summaries of the Books . I live in New York, and I was thinking about the lagoon in Central Park, down near Central Park South. Holden's isolation is expressed in the fact that while Stradlater goes out on a date, Holden is all alone in his dorm room, doing homework for his roommate. Chapter 4 - Catcher 2. We see his silent contempt for adults, which are evidenced by the silent ridiculing and cursing of Spencer that Holden hides beneath his nodding, compliant veneer. and visits me practically every week-end. As the source of the book's title, this symbol merits close inspection. However, if Fred and Joe agree on the fact that the cat has fleas, they may further question why this is so and put forth an explanation: "The reason the cat has fleas is that the weather has been damp." He is a nonconformist. Translation is an activity comprising the interpretation of the meaning of a text in one language the source- and in the other language-the target. The museum represents the world Holden wishes he could live in: it's the world of his catcher in the rye fantasy, a world where nothing ever changes, where everything is simple, understandable, and infinite. Through experience it was learned that the consequences of wrong translations can be catastrophicespecially if done by laypersonsand mistakes made in the performance of this activity can obviously be irreparable. Holden tears the composition up and throws it away angrily. Stylistic (translational) equivalence, where there is `functional equivalence of elements in both original and translation aiming at an expressive identity with an invariant of identical meaning'. The scientists identify the next types of translation difficulties and these types are: The first step towards an examination of the process of translation must be to accept that although translation has a central core of linguistic activity, it belongs most properly to semiotics, the science that studies sign systems or structures, sign processes and sign functions (Hawkes, Structuralism and Semiotics, London, 1977). We are lucky to present you. In The Catcher in the Rye, how does Holden describe his mother? A translator should not try to preserve the stylistic device given in the sentence, but reproduce its function in the target language. of The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. One group of polysemes are those in which a word meaning an activity, perhaps derived from a verb, acquires the meanings of those engaged in the activity, or perhaps the results of the activity, or the time or place in which the activity occurs or has occurred. In its broad meaning, the term impliestransmutationand can be illustrated by decoding some ideas and themes expressed, for example, in a poem through the language of music or dance. "What did Holden decide to write about in Stradlater's composition in The Catcher in the Rye?" Whatever the difficulty in the translation process, procedures must aim at the essence of the message and faithfulness to the meaning of the source language text being transferred to the target language text. Normally, the conflict becomes the base of the unhapppiness, but many of the Salingers characters, loneliness or isolation is the better way for seach happiness. Holden introduced her to Stradlater, because he didn't want to date her himself. (young-adult literature)", 2007; http://www.ttt.org/theory/difficulties.htlm; Cay Dollerup, Basics of Translation Studies, Institutul Europa; New Dictionary of American Slang, Harper & Row, Publishers 1986, Collins Cobuild English Dictionary, HarperCollins Publishers. This novel revolutionised the society of the Fifties; as well as the style of J.D. Why? Salinger is now a recluse. The author used in his novel the comparison to show to the reader the variety and difference in Holdens thoughts. His random and repeated lying highlights his own self-deceptionhe refuses to acknowledge his own shortcomings and is unwilling to consider how his behavior affects those around him. Simile is a more cautious form of metaphor. Nobodyd be different. Although he encounters opportunities for both physical and emotional intimacy, he bungles them all, wrapping himself in a psychological armor of critical cynicism and bitterness. The difficulties while translating are connected most of all with conveyance of national character of one or another work: the brighter it reflects national life the more illuminate characteristic situations the more difficult for the translator to find adequate functional figurative means. We must think that the authors language was revolutionary, new and controversial at the time his first stories were published. The combination of the first two types of are clear pointed out to the reader in the beginning where the author used indirect speech for giving clear details about the main character and also this type is used through whole novel for giving more detail where it is necessary, the direct speech is used by the author in order to show to the reader the way of talking of the characters of the novel. One of the main problem or difficulty in translation- is the use of bilingual dictionaries. Many translators mark out originality of his feature world and that is why the originality of his language and style and the specific usage of popular speech and dialectisms. 3, 16 July 1951, 20-1. If originally published today, the novel would probably create little publicity and garner only average book sales. In addition, the ducks prove that some vanishings are only temporary. Such situations made the translators task and work tremendously difficult because they had to find ways of compensating the loss caused by the inability of recreating a similar effect in the TT because Romanian has a system in which words are written the same way they are read as opposed to English which has a different system. Allie is a special person to Holden because of his intelligence and kindness, When Holden accepted the favor of writing Stradlater's composition, Holden has also accepted an obstacle in his time during his stay in Pencey Prep. When comparing the grammatical categories and forms of English and other languages are identify the following differences: Absence of conforming form, partial correspondence, differences in character and use urge translators to make necessary grammatical transformations while translating some piece. Not so. In this chapter also would be tried to present and analyze certain passages from the Romanian versions of The Catcher in order to draw attention to certain problems that may occur in translation, especially when different cultures are involved. In The Catcher in the Rye, what do Holden and Stradlater fight over? (2019, Mar 02). One of the most important translation difficulties is grammatical translation difficulties which is the hardest one in the identification and in the same time which change the structure and the meaning of the words from the source text into target text. At this work, Salinger uses the technique of the interior monologue; this procedure reinforces the little stream of consciousness of Holden (we can appreciate his way of thinking). how does this poem differ from traditional sonnets interflora; airmessage vs blue bubbles; southside legend strain effects; abd insurance and financial services; valenzuela city ordinance violation fines; my summer car cheatbox; vfs global japan visa nepal contact number; beaver owl fox dolphin personality test; Community False cognates, by contrast, are similar words in different languages that appear to have a common historical linguistic origin (whatever their current meaning) but actually do not. When he actually gets to the museum, he decides not to go in; that would require disturbing his fragile imaginative construction by making it encounter the real world. Holden is obsessed with childhood because he chooses to be wedged between a world of the innocence of children and the complex world of adulthood. Though he continues to complain about Ackley, the sympathy he feels for his next-door neighbor is evident when he convinces Mal Brossard to let Ackley join them at the movies. Holden tears the composition up and throws it away angrily. Holden has to be in the mood to do anything. The pond is in transition between two states, just as Holden is in transition between childhood and adulthood. Nothing. "Rather than writing a description of a room or a house, Holden writes a description of his younger brother Allies baseball glove. Holden's deep unresolved sadness over the loss of his brother, a person he tells us was better than him, who should not have died at such as young age, indicates that he feels a sense of guilt over being alive. He is angry at life for being so unfair. The mitt is representive of all these things. As it turns out, Ackley and Brossard have already seen the film, so the trio simply eats some burgers, plays a little pinball, and heads back to Pencey. One example of those symbols is that Holden changed his personality when he was at the fountain in Central Park: he became a new person when he was near the water. The conclusion is that the major themes, patterns and motifs that recur in Salingers fiction and develop into major and instantly recognizable archetypes, his trademarks, and at the same time a very clear indication of the very evolution of his writing technique, mainly refer to: The research has also led to the conclusion that the recurrent pattern of the letter or of the note plays a very well defined role in J. D. Salingers fiction and it is usually manifested through the characters repeated reading or memorizing of them in different (mostly difficult) situations. Only by seeing the real function of the language can people understand why Salinger is a master in rendering and imitating teenagers colloquial speech and thus come closer to the essence of the novel. Salinger a very controversial writer, for the subject matters that he writes. If the two senses of the same word do not seem to fit, yet seem related, then it is likely that they are polysemous. But Holden cannot think of anything to say about a house or a room, so he writes about a baseball glove that his brother Allie used to copy poems onto in green ink. This is a people shooting hat, I said. Save time and let our verified experts help you. Its a symbol of uniqueness and individuality as well. Identical stylistic devices are used differently in languages; they perform different functions and have different value in stylistic system of their language what actually explains their necessity when transformations in translation occur. Does Holden hate Stradlater? Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. So it can be consider that J. D. Salinger has a rich literary base and he becomes a kind of teacher for several big writers. The state of one's endowment. The mitt is representative of a "loss of innocence". Educators go through a rigorous application process, and every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team. Of the writers in Salinger's generation, Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist John Updike attested that "the short stories of J. D. Salinger really opened my eyes as to how you can weave fiction out of a set of events that seem almost unconnected, or very lightly connected. Yates describes Salinger as "a man who used language as if it were pure energy beautifully controlled, and who knew exactly what he was doing in every silence as well as in every word." Alliefelt separate from his teammates while playing baseball. Peculiar use of set expressions (clichs, proverbs. I sort of closed one eye, like I was taking aim at it. The general impression is that the Romanian translation is direct, it does not use so many euphemisms, it has more gains, its language is more modern, closer to the contemporary teenage colloquial speech, and more colorful. What does Holden write Stradlater's composition about why is the object he writes about important to him what eventually happens to the essay Why? In The Catcher in the Rye, why does Holden like Mercutio (from Romeo and Juliet) so much? The Holy book gave him peace. To present the main features of the Modernist Period; To point out all the aspects that influenced the writer J. D. Salinger to write the prominent work The Catcher in the Rye. Indeed, the cynicism that Holden uses to avoid expressing his feelings may result from Allies death. How did Holden know Stradlater's date, Jane Gallagher? The novel remains widely read, selling around 250,000 copies a year. Stuff (cloth), a type of cloth or fabric used to fill pillows and other items, Stuffing, a substance which is often placed in cavities of food items, Stuffed or preserved animals, created through the art of taxidermy. They have the same attitude towards other people and they think the same way, too. Salinger is one of the best twentieth-century America authors. This is characterized by different functioning of a word in language, different in usage and combinability, but even the primary meaning of an English word maybe wider of the corresponding one in Russian. In Salingers Catcher in the Rye Holden Caulfields entire plot deals with him trying to isolate from society. Why did Holden do what he did to his composition? There are various types of idioms, some more easily recognizable than others. . The lexical translation consists in expliciting through other words the denotative meaning of the phraseologism, giving up all the other style and connotation aspects. Grammatical transformations are characterized by various principles grammatical and lexical as well, though the principal role is given to grammatical ones. CLXXXVIII, No. The characters can only become happy if they isolate themselves from this society. Selling the typewriter also allows Holden to establish that he is "loaded" with money because of his grandmother's generosity and can afford to spend several days and nights in Manhattan. Intralinguistic translation, or rewording means interpreting verbal signs through other signs of the same language. They are trite and typical for many users, and fixed by the dictionary, as mostly idioms. It is characteristic to English language the availability of words with wide spread meaning. She was the daughter of his mother's best friend. Holden gets up and goes into Ackleys room, his face covered in blood. This book has had a huge impact on teenagers all over the world. The Romanian version of the Salingers The Catcher in the Rye is based the interpretation. Holden is very afraid of growing up and is also afraid of the unknown. . Thus when comparing stylistic devices we can easily identify complete correspondence, partial correspondence and even sometimes absence of correspondence and their functions. collected. eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. All authors agree that dictionaries are not always reliable tools in this sense. Up home we wear a hat like that to shoot deer in, for Chrissake, he said. The mitt is representative of a "loss of innocence". In the past few decades, this activity has developed because of rising international trade, increased migration, globalization, the recognition of linguistic minorities, and the expansion of the mass media and technology. He resents society as he does not seem to be part of it, and looks for sense of real place for him, where he could focus more on his phoniness. 10 minutes with: The Importance of Stradlater's Composition in the Catcher in the Rye, Explore how the human body functions as one unit in harmony in order to life //= $post_title "Allie has written poetry all over the glove so he has something to read when he gets bored in the outfield. When he finally gets around to writing Stradlater's composition, he only does it . Salinger uses much of the symbolism to show how the life of the characters has become happy. A) because he often drinks and drives B) because he views her as a sexual conquest C) because he has another girlfriend D) because he will likely make her pay her own way B) because he views her as a sexual conquest 300 Does Holden really dislike Stradlater? Log in here. Creative solutions to translation problems; Transfer and re-wording (use of translation procedures); Assessment of the result and post-edition; One difficulty in translation stems from the fact that most words have multiple meanings. . Nevertheless such cases are not always losses in translation. In any language there exists generally accepted tradition of word combinations, which do not coincide with the corresponding tradition of word combinations in the other languages. his brevity, conciseness and concentration of style; his attentiveness to details and to exact dates and facts; his constant reference to parts of the human body; his leitmotif of the letter or note; his constant way of picturing certain female characters painting their nails or toenail or the recurrent motif of a man holding a childs feet; his constant references to colors and the symbolism within colors; his penchant for coining new words or changing different parts of speech into others; his inclination of dealing with psychological problems in his fiction; his tendency to use the pattern of sequencesequence in his characters namesin his themes, etc. Polyseme in the same time is the capacity for a sign (e.g., a word, phrase, etc.) Hes going to drive me home when I go home next month maybe. J. D. Salinger and The Catcher in the Rye Background. One of those little English jobs that can do around hundred miles an hour. The author used in his work epithets in order to make the reader to see easily the true in the navel and to create interest for reading the novel which would capture readers attention quickly and without any questions. What is possible in one language maybe impossible in another because of its difference in semantic structure and its usage? Those grammatical transformations maybe divided into following types: Substitution is one of the grammatical relations among the parts of the sentences. Historical Context Essay: Mental Health in the Mid-Twentieth Century, Literary Context Essay: Vernacular Language & The Catcher in the Rye. It may have various kinds of lexical meanings (lexical-semantic) variants; it may widen or narrow its meaning and make it more abstract or concrete. J. D. Salinger is one of the main representatives of the Modern literature which is experimented with a wide variety of new approaches and techniques, producing a remarkably diverse body of literature. From History to Procedures, Zainurrahman 2009; http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary; http://lobeckta.tripod.com/carnavaldebinche/id7.html; Roderick A. Jacobs, English Syntax, A Grammar for English Language Professionals, Oxford University Press 1995; Salinger J. D. , The Catcher in the Ray, Penguin Book/Group 1958; Thesaurus of American Slang. Finally, idioms cannot be syntactically modified. Home from his date, Stradlater barges into the room. He resents society as he does not seem to be part of it, and looks for sense of real place for him, where he could focus more on his phoniness. Holden's jargon is consistent and very enlightening. Furthermore, it should be point out major differences in the translation of Salingers use of colloquial and taboo language in the English and Romanian versions, the Romanian version was the farthest because of its abundant use of euphemisms and euphemistic formulations throughout the book. Holden clearly still feels Allies loss strongly. One of the fist stylistic devices that were used by the author in his novel The Cather in the Ray is characters speech. He is scared of the unknown and cannot handle things that are very complicated. The museum presents him with a vision of life he can understand: it is frozen, silent, and always the same. He leaves abruptly, as though trying to escape the torment of his environment. Sapir's thesis, endorsed later by Whorf, is related to the more recent view advanced by the Soviet semiotician; Lotman that language is a modelling system. In conclusion can be said that a translation does not necessarily have to be better than another one, all it has to do is to achieve its goal and reach its target audience successfully. http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/catcher/facts.html; http://www.scribd.com/doc/9711270/the-Catcher-in-the-Rye-1945-De-Veghe-in-Lanul-de-Secara-Jdsalinger. of The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. He used to name, above all, the religion as the proper solution (for example, Holden was sad when he lost his girlfriend, and he read a passage in the Bible). This quote shows that Holden wants to protect kids. It is probably caused by conversion and easiness in formation of new words in various ways, heterogeneity of languages vocabulary and some other reasons. One difficulty in translation stems from the fact that most words have multiple meanings. At this point in the novel, Holden's sense of disadvantage and corresponding bitterness seem somewhat strange, given his circumstances: he's clearly a bright boy from a privileged New York family. Here, the question is not whether a given idiom is transparent, opaque, or misleading. The red hunting hat is one of the most recognizable symbols from twentieth-century American literature. J. D. Salingers secluded lifestyle had its share of contribution and impact on the very popularity he has rejected and the implicit controversy.
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